面向高年级本科生研究能力培养的资源环境遥感综合实验方案设计     

范德芹  孙文彬  赵学胜  袁德宝  陈伟  李军 《测绘通报》2021,(10):154-158

近年来,随着研究生教育规模的逐年提升,高年级本科教育目标也随之发生一定变化,遥感专业教学中,有必要加强对学生研究能力的培养。本文以矿区资源环境遥感课程为例,以课程综合实验为切入点,结合课程特点提出了半开放式、可拓展的实验架构,探索了面向本科生研究能力培养需求的实验方案设计及教学实践工作,引导学生由被动接受向主动思考转变;由知识吸收向研究实践转变。向学生展示本专业科学研究的基本方法,为学生顺利进入社会工作岗位或转入更高学习阶段打好基础。  相似文献   

高精度矢量数据的路面三维自动建模方法     

李晓丽  刘如飞  汤玉兵  任红伟  柴永宁 《测绘通报》2021,(7):70-73

为了解决路面手工三维建模速度慢、工作量大等问题,本文面向规范化处理的高精度矢量数据,对不同路口进行精细化设计,自动生成路面三维模型。首先使用道路高精度三维信息采集软件,在获取的点云数据中半自动化提取准确的道路边线、道路标识线等矢量信息;然后针对不同路口进行精细化线形设计,提出连续四边形重建方法、弯道平滑处理方法、交叉口重建方法及路面标识线投射重建方法;最后对提取的高精度矢量数据进行规范化处理,在满足路面线形设计要求后,借助MAXScript脚本实现路面三维自动化建模。以车载移动测量系统获取的某段道路点云数据进行试验,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

LiDAR虚拟仿真实践教学平台设计与建设     

阎跃观  郭俊廷  戴华阳  李明  陈中章 《北京测绘》2021,35(1):131-136

为适应测绘工作从三维空间测量向多维空间、从静态测量向动态实时测量、从地面向全域空间拓展的高新技术发展趋势,更好地应对信息化教育背景下的知识获取和传授方式、教与学关系等教改创新要求。本实验教学项目在现有实训课程基础上,以建构筑物三维空间信息快速采集与建模的真实测绘项目为基础,将三维激光测量技术、虚拟仿真技术与LiDAR技术进行深度融合;设计并建设了LiDAR虚拟仿真实践教学平台,运用C#开发程序界面和Pr视频编辑软件制作仿真动画,结合VLCPlayer视频播放插件,实现了对LiDAR仪器认知,测量模拟,数据处理和实践展示等功能,帮助学生理解并掌握LiDAR的相关知识和操作技能,取得了良好的教学效果。  相似文献   

适应任意形状铁路隧道LiDAR点云的断面差异分析方法     

安炯  张同刚  贾海龙  邓川  邢庭松 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(4):180-184,188

针对三维激光扫描技术在铁路隧道超欠挖分析和收敛分析等应用中如何能对任意形状隧道LiDAR点云进行断面差异分析的关键问题,本文提出了一种适应任意形状铁路隧道LiDAR点云的断面差异分析方法。该方法先建立铁路隧道设计断面统一模型,提出实测断面点与设计要素对应关系判定方法,对从隧道LiDAR点云中提取出的断面在铁路隧道设计断面统一模型中逐点确定所对应的设计要素,并计算出断面在对应设计要素上的径向投影点到设定的起算高程面与设计断面左侧交点的弧长,根据弧长对断面进行排序,最后根据设定的采样步长对有序的断面进行采样得到实测断面,进而计算出实测断面相较于设计断面的偏差量。通过3组具有代表性的不同断面隧道模拟点云数据对提出的算法参数最佳取值进行试验,试验结果不仅给出了算法参数的最佳取值,也论证了本方法可以对任意形状铁路隧道LiDAR点云进行断面差异分析。  相似文献   

刍议《重庆历史地图集》第二卷的编制     

熊明  杨茂中  成昆凤  刘殊 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(1):123-126

以《重庆历史地图集》第二卷编制的具体情况为例,对图集的开本设计、内容结构设计、封面和版式设计、整体设计、创新源,以及图集编制取得的经验进行了论述,为以后类似图集的编制提供参考。  相似文献   

基于图分割的可变比例尺地图分幅回溯算法     

魏智威  丁愫  孟爽  童莹  程璐 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(1):88-92

总结了地图分幅需遵循的原则,并针对地图集中可变比例尺的分幅,将其定义为基于约束条件的图分割问题,用最小生成树(minimum spanning tree,MST)将制图区域关联起来,基于回溯算法对MST裁剪实现地图集的分幅。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能较好顾及地图集分幅的相关原则,满足地图集制作的要求。同时,利用该方法设计的地图集分幅工具已成功应用于《武汉市汉阳地区地名图集》等的制作,有效提高了地图设计人员的工作效率。  相似文献   

Cartographic Design and the Space–Time Cube     

Irma Kveladze  Menno-Jan Kraak  Corné P.J.M. van Elzakker 《The Cartographic journal》2019,56(1):73-90

This paper reports on the results of an empirical evaluation that aimed to define the effectiveness and efficiency of different visual variables in depicting the Space–Time Cube’s (STC) content. Existing STC applications demonstrate that the most used visual variables are size and colour hue. Less is known, however, about their usability metrics. The research sets design criteria for STC contents, such as space–time paths, based on the cartographic design theory. The visual variables colour hue, colour value, colour saturation, size and orientation have been applied in two different use case studies. Besides, to support the three-dimensional visual environment, depth cues such as shading and transparency were considered too. User tests have been executed based on real-world problems with particular attention for the visualization strategy and data complexity. The outcomes revealed the most efficient and effective visual variables to represent data of various complexities in the STC.  相似文献   

Cartographic Symbol Design Considerations for the Space–Time Cube     

Christopher League 《The Cartographic journal》2019,56(2):117-133

The cartographic representation of geographic phenomena in the space–time cube comes with special challenges and opportunities when compared with two-dimensional maps. While the added dimension allows the display of attributes that vary with time, it is difficult to display rapidly varying temporal data given the limited display height. In this study, we adapt 2D cyclic point symbols to construct 3D surfaces designed along a helical path for the space–time cube. We demonstrate how these complex?3D helical surfaces can display detailed data, including data reported daily over 100 years and data reported in four-hour intervals over a year. To create the point symbols, each value is plotted along the curve of a helix, with each turn of the helix representing one year or week, respectively. The model is modified by varying the radii from the time axis to all points using the attribute value, in these cases maximum daily temperature and four-hourly ridership, and then creating a triangulated surface from the resulting points. Using techniques common to terrain representation, we apply hue and saturation to the surface based on attribute values, and lightness based on relief shading. Multiple surfaces can be displayed in a space–time cube with a consistent time interval facing the viewer, and the surfaces or viewer perspective can be rotated to display synchronized variations. We see this method as one example of how cartographic design can refine or enhance operations in the space–time cube.  相似文献   

耐压柱壳参数化设计与灵敏度分析     

刘峰  王贺  苗怡然  屠超华  赵彦凯 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(1)

为提高耐压柱壳设计效率,设计了耐压柱壳参数化分析流程。研究了有限元分析所涉及的材料属性、载荷施加、边界条件设置等内容,确定了采用弧长法分析耐压柱壳稳定性。利用Python语言对于ABAQUS软件进行了二次开发,利用Isight软件实现了ABAQUS的集成,实现了耐压柱壳有限元分析模型的网格自动划分、自动分析计算等。选择样本点进行参数化分析,利用响应面模型对于样本点进行了拟合,得到了具有较高拟合精度、满足工程需要的近似模型,进行了设计变量的灵敏度分析。研究结果表明:参数化分析流程可实现耐压柱壳的自动分析、近似模型及灵敏度分析,可降低耐压柱壳分析难度,均可提高耐压柱壳设计效率。  相似文献   

A literature synthesis of LiDAR applications in transportation: feature extraction and geometric assessments of highways     

Suliman A. Gargoum  Karim El Basyouny 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(6):864-893

Interest in using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology in Transportation Engineering has grown over the past decade. The high accuracy of LiDAR datasets and the efficiency by which they can be collected has led many transportation agencies to consider mobile LiDAR as an alternative to conventional tools when surveying roadway infrastructure. Nonetheless, extracting semantic information from LiDAR datasets can be extremely challenging. Although extracting roadway features from LiDAR has been considered in previous research, the extraction of some features has received more attention than others. In fact, for some roadway design elements, attempts to extract those elements from LiDAR have been extremely scarce. To document the research that has been done in this area, this paper conducts a thorough review of existing studies while also highlighting areas where more research is required. Unlike previous research, this paper includes a thorough review of the previous attempts at data extraction from LiDAR while summarizing the detailed steps of the extraction procedure proposed in each study. Moreover, the paper also identifies common tools and techniques used to extract information from LiDAR for transportation applications. The paper also highlights common limitations in existing algorithms that could be improved in future research. This paper represents a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in knowing the current state of research on the applications of LiDAR in the field of Transportation Engineering while also understanding the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.  相似文献